L2TPv3 (Layer 2 Tunnelling Protocol) As for which layers they are each working at, it really comes down to what you mean by "working". L2TPv3, PPTP and IPSEC all establish and operate over the top of IP connections (Network Layer). PPTP uses TCP and GRE, while L2TP and IPSEC Aggressive-mode rely on UDP (all Transport Layer protocols).
IPSec VPN confusion with layer 2 and/or layer 3 (OSI model) In module 7, it said IPSec can connect two segments using layer 2 protocols. (and in one of the question of practice test, there is a question that refers to 'linking layer-2 network segments'). I think it should need more explanation on how it could be done using ' layer 2 protocols'. Which OSI layer does IPsec operate at? - Exam4Training Jun 21, 2019 XYZ NETWORK: SSH, SSL, IPSec OSI model layer
Jun 21, 2019
T Series,M Series,MX Series. Some key concepts to keep in mind when configuring IPsec within a VPN include the following: Each of these operates at a different layer of the OSI model: S/MIME runs at the application layer, IPsec runs at the network layer and XML is a presentation layer protocol. This was last IPSec transport mode adds a layer that sits between layer3 and layer4, to encrypt data within the layer4 PDU. IPSec tunnel mode encapsulates existing layer3 packet in a new layer for encryption, then adds a new layer3. So generally speaking, IPSec and GRE are said to be layer3 protocols. Cheers: Istvan
Jul 24, 2020
How Do Layer 3 DDoS Attacks Work? | L3 DDoS | Cloudflare Layer 3 DDoS attacks target layer 3 (L3) in the OSI model. Like all DDoS attacks, the goal of a layer 3 attack is to slow down or crash a program, service, computer, or network, or to fill up capacity so that no one else can receive service. IPsec - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia